What are the managerial responsibilities?

Managerial Responsibilities 

Managers are the responsible person in an organisation. They are responsible to maintain the relationship with the stockholders and investors, maintain the relation of employees, consumers, interrelated businesses, government, and community interest.

The management is responsible and answerable to many groups. Management is taking a fair decision for all the parties. These interested parties are:-


(i)   Responsibility Towards Stockholders and Other Investors:- 

Stockholders invest their funds in an organisation for making a reasonable profit. They are the owners of the company who have invested capital in the organisation.
They are interested in the stability, growth, and the image of the company not for quick profits. The company must create an image of quality and service.

In addition, it is the management's duty to inform the shareholders about the company's financial position from time to time and all other relevant matters regarding objectives, policies, and procedures, so that the stockholders can give some necessity input time to time.

The stable growth of a company will help the stockholders in two ways:-

1. They will share a part of the total profits in the form of dividends
2. The value of their share will appreciate. 

(ii)   Responsibility Towards Employees:- 

Employees who put in their time and efforts are many folds. Some of the responsibilities of management towards employees are :

• Responsibility in Relation to Employment:-  Employment is meant to be mutually beneficial for the employees as well as for the employers.  Accordingly, the importance should not only be on what the employee can do for the company but also on what the company can do for the employee. 

The employees must be assigned the right jobs as per their knowledge, experience, attitudes,          and interests.

Additionally, employees must be made aware of company policies, procedures, and objectives. 

• Responsibility in Relation to Working Conditions:-   The employees spend their major part of the day in the work environment. These working conditions refer to physical facilities which must be adequate and acceptable. These must meet the accepted standards of cleanliness, light, heat, air conditioning, ventilation, safety, and sanitation facilities.

They should also be given the proper tools and machines to work with. Whenever the job requires some extra degree of risk or difficulty, then additional benefits and incentives must be offered. These conditions include:- 

1. Night duty 
2. Working with chemicals
3. Working underground in coal mines 
4. Heavy machinery 

• Responsibility in Relation to Economic Security:-   The economic security implies the flow of the job in good times as well as bad times. This sense of jobs security greatly improves the sense of dedication to the company.

Lifetime employment brings about a shared responsibility which helps to build loyalty to the company.

 In addition to job security, the remuneration and fringe benefits must be adequate and encouraging. Some of the fringe benefits in addition to the salary are:- 

1. Life insurance 
2. Medical insurance
3. Maternity leave 
4. Sick leave 
5. Provision for other emergencies 
6. Profit sharing plans
7. Stock options. This is a provision to buy the stock shares of the company at a price lower than the price paid by the public.
8. Pension plans and retirement benefits
9. Free education for workers, if necessary, and for their children.

• Responsibility in Relation to Job Satisfaction:- 
  
  Job satisfaction refers to the employee's self-fulfilment and happiness at the job. The conceptual environment should be such as to enhance the employee' confidence and faith in the company. 

The workers should be encouraged to participate in company affairs as much as possible, especially in the formulation of procedures and policies affecting them.

(iii)   Responsibility Towards Consumers:- 

The customers expect a quality product at a reasonable price with guaranteed satisfaction. The quality of the product can be guaranteed by offering facilities for returning the defective product either for a refund of the purchased price or for a new unit. 

The product should be simple to operate and be made easily available through proper distribution channels and customer satisfaction should be the best rule of sales. 

"The customer is always right, " has proved to be a good policy for initiating sales and keeping the customer.


(iv)   Responsibility Towards Inter-Business Relations:- 

All industries buy raw materials or semi-finished products from other industries. All business buy some supplies from vendors. All companies sell their products to other companies like distributors and wholesalers.
It is the responsibility of the management to maintain the inter-business relationship at a level of high ethical standards.
 They should have fair trade practices regarding their:-

• Prices
• The quality and quantity of the product 
• Methods of payment
• Time and mode of delivery
• The quality of service 

For example, General Motors buys steel from steel mills, tires from Firestone or General Tyre, and some other parts of the cars from other companies and sells the cars to dealers. These inter-business relationships demand a fair code of conduct from all parties concerned.


(v)   Responsibility Towards Government:- 

The management must operate within the legal system, adhering to all laws which may be local, state, or federal laws. These laws include, but are not limited to:-

(a)  Paying proper taxes and paying them on time.

(b)  Respecting laws pertaining to the social environment. These may be relating to air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, dumping of chemical wastes, respect for zoning laws etc.

(c)  Affirmative action. This means that the management makes special provisions for hiring, training and promoting employees belonging to such minority groups who have been discriminated against previously.

(d)  Equal opportunities for all.

(e)  Respect for anti-trust laws.

(f)   Truth in advertising. This means that the public should not be false claims about the benefits of the product.

(vi)   Responsibility Towards Community Interests:- 

Some of these interests may be protected by law such as areas of air pollution and water pollution. Other interests may be the outcome of social environments. Some of the community interest are:-

(a)  Providing jobs with within the community

(b)  Hiring the handicaps

(c)  Assisting in church and school activities

(d)  Organising sports tournaments and other cultural functions for the community

(e)  Raising funds for public activities such as the opening of hospitals or other charitable activities

(f)  Taking an active interest in all community affairs.

Thus, these are the major responsibilities of managers.







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What are the management skills?

Classification of Management Skills

Management is a result-oriented process. To get a better result, managers need the best skills. The various skills or abilities required to be passed by managers may be classified as under.

(i)  Conceptual Skills :- 

For the smooth functioning of the larger system, the managers use these abilities. Conceptual skills are used for developing thinking in an abstract form and to visualise and understand the future.
Managers need these abilities for...

• Scanning the changing environment
• Discovering various opportunities
• Spotting problems and threats arising out of a dynamic situation
• Relating them to strength and weakness of the organisation.

The conceptual skills also include an ability to determine the overall objectives of an organisation.

(ii)   Analytical Skills:-

These skills are more important on the part of managers for solving different problems and making decisions. Analytical skills refer to those abilities which are needed by managers for...

• Studying the problem in a systematic way
• Gathering necessary information in its various aspects
• Establishing and describing the relationship between two or more variables

A manager may become analytical in his approach for judging the performance of his subordinates, solving problems and making decisions.

(iii)   Decision Making Skills:- 

Decision-making skill is the ability to see a problem. They must have, in addition, the skills in working out a practical solution to a problem.

 If managers merely "see" the problem and become "problem watchers", they will fail.

Managers must also have that valuable skill of being able to design a workable solution in the light of the realities they face.

(iv)   Human Relations or Behavioural Skills:- 

To get things done by others, this is the basic responsibility of every manager. In this process, he needs behavioural skills. With the help of these behavioural skills, the managers effectively deal with subordinates.

To manage, he has to understand their needs, interests and values.
He interacts with them, guides, directs, leads and motivates them.
By using behavioural skills, he may establish a good rapport, warmth relationships and conducive interpersonal relations with his subordinates.

Human relations skills are needed for providing dynamic and effective leadership and building a team spirit among employees.


(v)   Administrative Skills:-

Generally, decisions are made at higher levels and implemented by managers at lower levels, who require administrative skills for it.
It refers to abilities used for coordinating various activities.
With a practical approach, managers behave like an 'administrative man'.

(vi)   Technical Skills:- 

They are related to the nature and content of a job. These skills refer to specialised knowledge and proficiency in handling methods, procedures and techniques for doing specific jobs.

Technical skills are needs by managers for...

• Providing training to subordinates regarding the use of new techniques and methods 
• For providing technical guidance and helps to them.

Conceptual skills are more important for managers at higher levels and technical skills are useful at lower levels, particularly at the supervisor level.

Thus, these are the best managerial skills which are required in every organisation for the growth of the organisation.






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What are the fourteen principles of management by Henri Fayol?

A principle provides the best direction. A principle is a basic statement that provides understanding and guidance to thinking and action.
In management, it gives us predicting what would happen if the principles were applied.
There are two types of principles they are like:-

• Descriptive
• Prescriptive

A descriptive principle merely describes the relationship between the variables.
A prescriptive or normative principle is stated to indicate what a manager should do.

Management principles are an integral part of management science. For effectively perform managerial functions we should need to understand the principles of management.

Principles are the guidelines to the manager for making a decision and taking action. Principles of management have been formulated on the basis of …

• Scientific observation
• Research and analysis
• Experience of executives in managing various situations

The classical management authors, such as F. W. Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Urwick etc…
But the most famous and the easiest content are given by the Henri Fayol. The fourteen principles of general management are like:-

1. Division of Work: - according to this principle, to divide work among various departments and employees, according to required abilities and skills as to get the benefit of specialization. 
2. Authority and Responsibility: - power or authority gives the rights to the management to give orders to subordinates. Authority and responsibility are the two sides of a coin. More authority may result in misutilisation or underutilization of it.
3. Discipline: - it implies compliance – the rules and the responsibilities of an organisation which are fellows by the workers, superior and co-operation.
4. Unity of Command: - according to this principle, one subordinate should get an order from one superior at a particular time. It helps in maintaining disciplines among employees, controlling their activities, fixing responsibility and not allowed them to sidetrack responsibility. 
5. Unity of Direction: - all activities of employees are linked with the objectives. All activities related to common goals should be included in a single plan, to be implemented by a particular manager. 
6. Subordination of Individual’s Interest to Interest of Organisation: - employees should sacrifice his personal interest and goals for accomplishing common goals of the organisation. The primary focus is on the organizational objectives and not on those of the individuals. Managers also follow this.
7. Remuneration: - there are two types of remuneration namely non-monetary (a compliment, more responsibilities, credits) and monetary (compensation and bonus). Employees should be paid fairly and reasonably in accordance with their contribution.
8. Centralisation: - the relationship between centralisation and decentralisation of authority is a matter of proportion and optimum balance which should be maintained according to the needs of the organisation. This depends on the volume and size of an organisation including its hierarchy.
9. Scalar Chain: - the scalar chain is the authority in an organisation from top to the lowest level. This can be seen as a type of management structure. It is known as a scalar chain because all employees are attached to it in the relationship between superior and subordinate.
10. Order: - for smooth flow of work and efficient use of resources material, machine tools equipment, etc. as well as employees should be in their prescribed proper place and order. 
11. Equity: - the principle of equity suggests that similar treatment based on the principles of equity fairness and impartially should be assured to all employees working in the organisation. Employees must be in the right place in the organisation to do things right.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel: - since people need time to learn their jobs; therefore they should not be allowed to move frequently from one position to another.
13. Initiative: - according to this principle, employees should be allowed to express new ideas. Employees should be provided with an opportunity to develops and use initiatives for solving work-related problems. This encourages the employees to be involved and interested.
14. Esprit-de-corps: - this stands for the unity and involvement of the employees. It implies to build team spirit among the employees so that they work in a harmonious manner with proper mutual understanding. 

Conclusion: - the 14 principles of management can be used to manage organizations and are useful tools for forecasting, planning, process management, organisation management, decision-making, coordination and control.




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What are the three levels of management?

The three levels of management are the best structure of business organisation.

Every management has many managerial positions in its structure. These positions are created through the process of delegation of authority from top to lower levels. Each position is marked by authority, responsibility, functions, roles and relationships.

Broadly speaking, an organisation has two important levels of management, namely, functional and operative.

Functional level is concerned with the process of

• Determining primary objectives
• Formulating basic policies
• Making vital decisions
• Controlling and coordinating activities of personnel

Operative level of management is related to

• Implementation of plans and decisions
• The pursuit of basic policies for achieving of the organisation

(i) Top level management 

Generally, ownership group occupied the top level management. In a joint stock company, equity shareholders are the real owners of the company.

The main functionaries in this level are included managing director, general manager or chief executive, to help directors.
The top level managers are the responsible for overall management of the organisation.

Functions of Top Level Management

• To decide corporate goals
• To make a corporate plan for the entire organisation covering all areas of operations
• To design structure of organisation, creating various positions therein
• To formulate basic policies and providing direction and leadership to the organisation as a whole
• To coordinate various sub-systems of the organisation
• To select key officials and executives for the company
• To decide about the profitability and growth of the organisation such as introduction of new product, shifting to new technology and opening new plant etc.
• To exercise overall managerial control through the process of reviewing overall financial and operating results
• To make decisions regarding disposal and distribution of profits
• To maintain cooperation with outside parties having a stake in business such as government. Trade union and trade associations etc.

(ii)  Middle level management

Middle level management is responsible to the top management for the efficient functioning of their departments.
In small enterprise, there is only one layer of middle management, but in big enterprises, there may be senior middle level managers and junior middle level managers.

The senior level managers include –

• Heads of production
• Finance
• Marketing and 
• Other departments

The Junior middle level managers include –

• Branch managers 
• Superintendents
• Heads of various sections

Functions of middle level management

• With the directions of top management they execute the plans of the organisation
• They make plans for the sub-units of the organisation
• They participate in the employment and training of lower-level managers
• They evaluate the performance of junior managers
• They attempt to achieve coordination between different departments
• They send the progress reports and other important data to the top management.

(iii)  Lower level or supervisory level management 

This level consists of first line

• Supervisors
• Inspectors
• Section officers, etc.

They are in direct touch with core group of workers such as operators, assemblers, mechanics, salesmen, and clerks etc. they directly supervise the work performed by core group workers.

They issue orders and instructions to them, educate them about methods of doing the work and regularly supervise their activities.

Functions of lower level management

• To guide, assist and help the workers by explaining work procedures to them and by solving their problems
• To motivate them and to maintain a team spirit among them
• To put their case to higher level managers for various welfare schemes, incentives and for improving physical working conditions
• to get the things done by core group workers
• to prepare plan for their activities
• to issue necessary orders and instructions to the workers regarding the work being performed by them
• to assign the work to the workers and seek its workers regarding the work being performed by them
• to arrange, material, machines and tools for the workers and provide training to them

Thus, these are the three level of management in the business organisation. 

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Why management is important in India?

India is an underdeveloped country, marching ahead on the path of development and self-dependence. The only way out open to India after the independence of over two centuries is the rapid industrialisation of the country.

Rapid industrialisation will only remain an imagination if we do not have efficient managers to manage the industrial organisation.

The process of industrial action implies the use of heavy machines and production at large scale, large distribution at the national and international level.

All these require a lot of plans to be taken by the management.

The importance of management in India may be explained in the following ways:


(i)  Labour Problems 

India is facing labour problems many times more than in other countries. The Indian Labourer is passing through the state of dissatisfaction and the dissatisfaction of labourer becomes more because of the industrial backwardness.

Therefore, proper management of labour problems becomes the necessity for industrial development of the country.

(ii)  Unemployment 

India is having the largest number of unemployed persons in the world. The industrial development of the country is the only solution to the problem and the process of industrial development implies the need for efficient management.

Therefore, the management is of great importance for our country to overcome the problem of unemployment.

(iii)  Low Productivity

After the comparison with other countries, the result shows that the productivity of Indian industries is very low. The basic reason for this low productivity is the mismanagement of the resources of production.

Therefore, the better management of the resources of production is necessary to increase productivity.

(iv)  Low Rate of Capital Formation 

In India, we find only a 13% rate of the capital formation while this rate is a high as 30% in other developed countries of the world.
Because of the low rate of capital formation, the process of industrial development also suffer.

Therefore, it is necessary to increase the rate of capital formation for the overall growth of our country and this requires the better management of capital resources of the country.


(v)  To Exploit The Natural Resources 

India is a rich country inhabited by the poor. India has vast natural resources. Nature gifted all its resources to India but we could not exploit these resources fully.

Management, therefore, becomes of great importance for the exploitation of these resources.

(vi)   Scientific and Technical Development 

The rate of scientific and technical development in India is very slow. We still use outdated technology and because of this reason, business and industry can never be prosperous

Adoption of scientific and technical developments require efficient management.
Thus, it also increases the need for management in India.

(vii)   Centralisation of Wealth 

The distribution of wealth is very imbalanced in India. Most of the wealth is centralised in the few hands.
On the other hand, a large number of business undertakings are facing the problem of survival.

To overcome this problem, it is necessary to re-manage the distribution of wealth.



Conclusion: 

The above discussion makes it clear that the importance of management is increasing in India day-by-day.

India can succeed in implementing its economic plan and can face international competition successfully only if the business and industrial activities are properly managed and administration of India.

Thus, management is very important in India.




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What is the scope of management?

As you know management is a wide process. It has many branches, are as under:

(i) Production management
(ii) Material management
(iii) Purchase management
(iv) Financial management
(v) Personal management
(vi) Marketing management
(vii) Office management


(i)  Production Management 

Production management is concerned with the planning, organising and controlling of all activities related to the manufacture of goods and services.
It deals with the coordination of production operations of an enterprise.
It is concerned with decision making relating to processes for producing goods and services.

Main problems in production management 

Plant location and layout, production policy, plant facilities, purchasing and inventory control, production planning and control, quality and cost control, repairs and maintenance, research and development, etc...

(ii)  Materials Management 

It deals with the determination of policy with regard to procurement and disbursement of materials (quality, quantity, price etc.) among the needy jobs without any delays.

It is concerned with the control of materials in such a manner, which ensures the maximum return on working capital.

It includes scientific purchasing, storage and handling of materials with a minimum of misuse and wastage. 


(iii)  Purchase Management 

Purchase manager is concerned with the procurement of proper equipment, materials and supplies of the right quantities, at the right prices and at the right time.

The purchasing department has a link with the production department, to keep in touch with all the requirements of the production department.


(iv)   Financial Management 

Finance manager is important for procurement and effective utilisation of funds required in business.
It is concerned with identifying, obtaining and utilisation of long term funds.

Issues in financial management 

Capitalisation, capital structure, fixed capital, working capital, accounting procedures, capital budgeting, dividend policy, reinvestment of earnings, etc...

(v)   Personnel Management 

Personnel management deals with people at work. It consists of managing human resources.
It is concerned with the procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance of employees.

Importance areas of personnel management

Wage and salary administration, performance appraisal, promotion policy, employee welfare services and benefits, labour absenteeism and turnover, industrial relations, personal records and research.

(vi)   Marketing Management 

Marketing bridges the gap between consumer and producer. Marketing is a process which carries goods from producer to ultimate consumer.

Important decisions in marketing management 

Regarding product design, package, brand name, pricing, channels of distribution, advertising, salesmanship, sales promoting, after-sale service marketing research, etc...

(vii)   Office Management 

The office work is the main function of management that it helps the management in attaining its goals.
It works as a service department for another department.

It is the art of guiding the personal of the office in the use of materials, methods, machines, and equipment appropriate to their environment in order to achieve its specified purpose.

Thus, this is the scope of management.



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Want to know about the nature of management?

Here you can get the knowledge about the management's nature.
Management is a wide process. For deep understanding, you should read about the nature of management.
Those are like:-

(i)  Dynamic Function 

Management is a dynamic function of the business organisation. It's function change from time to time. Functions depending upon the various circumstances of the business, i.e., changes in economic, social, political, technological and human conditions.
With the help of a suitable forecast and changing in the policies management adjust itself.

(ii)  Universal Process 

Management is a universal process by its principles and techniques. They can be applied to all types of organisations-business, social, educational and religious.

Must take care while principles and techniques are going to apply. They should be modified to suit the given situation and type of organisation.

(iii)  Social Process 

Management is a social process. It deals with emotional and sensitive human beings. The major achievement is to win their confidence and cooperation.
Management principles are constantly influenced by social traditions, customs and regulations.

(iv)  Management is a process 

Management is a process which is formed of certain activities like planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling.

The managers have performed these functions at all level in the organisation. These functions require specialised knowledge and skills in their application.

(v)  An Integrative Process 

The nature of management is the integration of human and physical resources in a manner that leads to effective performance.
Managers apply knowledge, experience and principles for getting the results.

(vi)  Management is a Science and an Art 

The manager can manage the situation or organisation in a systematic and scientific manner on the basis of knowledge of management and its principles.
Since the skills acquired by a manager are his personal possession, management is viewed as an art.

(vii)  Production Factor 

Management is the most important factor in production. Managers motivate labour and employees for better production. Educated and qualified managers are the potentials of the organisation.

(viii)  Goal Oriented 

Management provides the goals to the organisation for achieving the aim of the organisation. Goal establishment avoids any random behaviour on the part of organisations.

(ix)  Group Activity 

Management is a group activity, through this, teams work together in the project. For the purpose of achieving the objectives, employees work on the goals of the organisation.
Managers help their subordinates in this process.

(x)  Management Makes Things Happen 

As we know, management is the art of getting things done through people.
The nature of management shows that the managerial ability is clearly different from technical ability.




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What are the importance of management?

As remarked by Peter F. Drucker,  "Management is the dynamic, life-giving in every business. Without it, the resources of production remain resources and never become production." Raw materials, machines, human resources and other factors in the organisation are efficiently managed by the management.

The importance of management are followed:-

(1) Determination of organisational objectives

The objectives are made by the management. And they are put into writing and communicated to all others in the organisation. Without objectives, organisations are aimless.

(2) The accomplishment of objectives 

Firstly, management made the objectives and now it's work to complete the objectives. For accomplished, the objectives management use the material resources by the group of people.


(3) Management helps in achieving personal objectives 

Management focuses not only organisational objectives rather individual objectives also.
Employees want to earn more and organisational wants more production. Employees can earn more by producing more.

(4) Encourages teamwork

Managers encourage the employees for achieving their individual and organisational goals. Encourage group people so that they can fulfil their goals.
Managers put them into unity it will increase the organisational success.

(5) Human development

Management is not simply the direction of things but the development of men. It improves the personality of people to raise their efficiency and productivity. A good manager serves as a friend and guide to his subordinates.

(6) The smooth running of the business

Management helps for the smooth running of the business, through better planning, sound organisation and effective control of the various factors of production.

(7) Motivate employees

Managers motivate the employees for doing better work in an efficient manner. Management provides financial or non-financial incentives. It helps in improving the efficiency and profitability of the organisation.

(8)  Improves organisational relations

Management improves the relations between employees, departments and between levels of management.
Betters relation leads to good teamwork and good teamwork lead to the success of the organisation.

(9)  Efficient use of resources

Managers can help in efficient use of various resources and increase the productivity of the enterprise. Thus, expert managers can lead the business towards growth and prosperity.

(10) Higher profits 

Management can help to a higher profit of the organisation. Managers motivate the employees so they can better work in an efficient way and increase the productivity and profitability of the organisation.

(11)  Stability 

Management coordinates the activities of different departments in an organisation and maintains team amongst the personnel. Management directs and controls the organisation to keep it on right track.

(12)  Improves corporate image 

Good management helps to produce good products and better services in the organisation. This will improve the goodwill and corporate image of the organisation.


So, these are the importance of management.



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What are the objectives of management?

The objectives of management are the most important for the business.  Management plays the main role in all of the business.
There are a lot of objectives in management. Here are some important:-

•  Future planning 
•  Growth of business
•  Proper use of resources
•  The superior quality of good
•  Demand and supply of goods
•  Discipline
•  Improvement in performance
•  Compensation plan
•  Minimise the risk 

So the explanation of objectives are like:-


(i) Future planning 

Management is a single department who make the plan for the organisation. Future planning is the major objectives of management. Future performance depends on present planning. It's helpful to reduce time-consuming and make a plan for further.

(i) The growth of the business

Management's main objective is to full fill the growth of the business. After making the best plan for the future it will definitely increase the growth of the business. It provides security to the employees and employers. Planning, organising, and directing leads to the growth of the business.

(iii) Proper use of resources

The proper use of men, material, machines, and money help to increase the profit and development of the business. This is the most important objective of management to use various resources.

(iv) The superior quality of goods

The purpose of the management is to produce the best quality products at minimum cost. It helps to increase production and reduce the risks in business.

(v) Demand and supply of goods

The demand and supply of goods are increase and decrease time to time but the management provides good products to the customers.
It checks the demand in the market.

(vi) Discipline 

The most important objectives and aim of the management are to be disciplined. Discipline in the organisation's employees and employers are the first step to growing the business. Management motivates the employees by giving incentives.  And creating a better work culture in the organisation.

(vii) Improvement in performance

Management improves the performance of employees by giving them performance appraisal and feedback.
It helps to improve each and every factor of production and motivate the workers to give their best performance.

(viii)  Compensation planning

Compensation planning is the main objective of management. It helps to motivate the employees so that they will perform very well in future. Compensate the employees on the basis of their performance.

(ix)  Minimise the risk

After achieving all of the objectives, it shows the minimisation of the risk in the business. By proper future planning, give the best quality products, good compensation and discipline are the factors which show the minimum risk handled by the management.

These are the objectives of management that are really really important in any business.



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Components of Management

Here are some components of management which describe the real position of management.


(i)  Goal formation:-  Management is important for making the goals for the organisation. Management has some defined goals before it to achieve. Goals are sets, considering the actions and reactions of the individual.

Managers framed the goals as per the organisation's needs and so that organisation can full fill their goals.


(ii)  Goal Accomplishment and evaluation:-  After framed the goals now evaluation of goals is an important component. Management also evaluates the effectiveness of goal accomplishment.


(iii)  Implementation:-  It means management put the goals into the action. All policies and programmes are implemented by management. Management finds out that the goals are effective or not.  So that organisation will achieve its goals effectively.


(iv)  Organisational activity:-  Management is a group activity. All the activities of the organisation are handled by the management. Management is to coordinate the actions and reactions of individuals.


(v)  Organizational survival:- Management makes the goals for organisational survival. Managers are expected to use the resources available to them, as efficiently as possible to guide the survival of an organisation in the competitive world.

For the future of the organisation, management makes changes in an organisation. The ability to forecast and adapt to change are also important components of management for organisational survival.

So, these are the components of management. 

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Definition and concept of management

Definitions of management:-


(i) "Management is the art of getting things done with people and through informally organised groups. It is the art of creating an environment in which people can perform as individuals and yet co-operate towards the attainment of group goals. It is the art of removing blocks for such a performance, a way of optimising efficiency in reaching goals."
 This is the definition given by the Koontz

(ii) "Management is the coordination of all resources through the process of planning, organising, directing and controlling in order to attain stated goals."
This is the definition given by the Henri Sisk

The concept of management:-  

Traditional management - "of getting things done through an organisation and the efforts of other people."


Modern management - "the responsibility and opportunity for raising the standards of living of the people."


Management ingredients are:- 

• Management is a process of planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling activities of others. 
• For accomplishing organisational objectives there is Human Resources are an effective and efficient way. 
• Wide-ranging activities, decision-making, coordination, communication and delegation are the human skills which require to get better results.

On the basis of above ingredients of management, here are some concepts which clarify the management in its different styles:-

(a)  Integration Concept

Management is the total task of welding into a single working force man, money, machinery, materials and methods."  By Mrityunjoy Bannerjee 

(b)  Leadership and Decision-making Concept

"Management is simply the process of decision-making and control over the action of human beings for the express purpose of attaining predetermined goals." By Stanley Vance 

(c)  Human Relation Concept 

"Management is getting things done through the efforts of other people." By Lawrence A. Appley

(c)  Productivity Concept 

"Management is the art of knowing what you want to do...in the best cheapest way." By F. W. Taylor

(e)  Functional Concept

"To manage is to forecast and plan to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control." By Henry Fayol 

So, these are the Concepts of Management.

Happy reading :)

NOTE:-
Book reference:- MANAGEMENT THEORY AND PRACTICE
Author References:- N. C. Jain • Saakshi
[A. I. T. B. S. PUBLISHERS, INDIA]

Don't you know about management?

• Can you imagine running a school without principle?
• Can you imagine a country without a government?
• Can you imagine running a sports team without a coach?
• Can you imagine running an organisation without a supervisor?

Your answer must be "A BIG NO"
All the above cases are not possible because management is required in almost all the organisation.

Meaning of Management:-

"Management is the art of getting things done through people" by M. P. Follet

"Management is to forecast, to plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and control activities of others."  By Henri Fayol

Management is the process which manages by the managers in the organisation. And this management process crosses the five functions in own process these steps are:- planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling.

The five functions of management:-

Planning:-  The first of the managerial function is planning. Planning about the forecast of the organisation. Make goals and objectives for the future of the organisation and planning to achieve these goals. It is up to the managers to find the best goal as per organisation needs. This requires the participation of employees in the organisation. Resources and flexibility of the organisation must use in the planning.

Organizing:-  The second of the managerial function is organizing. In this step, all of the resources will distribute to the employees. And assign the work to the employees as per their ability and skills so that they can easily achieve individual and organisation's goals.
Managers give the right direction to their subordinates or employees and discuss the plan.

Staffing:-  The third of the managerial function is staffing. The main purpose of staffing is to put the right man for the right job. And the selection, placement, training and development are used in the staffing process.
Performance appraisal is the main part of the staffing so that employees can get promotions as per their performance.

Directing:- This is the fourth managerial function. This is an important function in which managers guide, supervised, motivate and lead to their subordinate.
Motivate employees to achieve organizational and individual goals.

Controlling:-  Controlling is the final managerial function. Managers control all over the process and find out if any deviation being held so that it will correct. Measure the actual performance of employees.

Conclusion:-  Management is the process of handling all of the procedure in the organisation. Managers planning the process, organizing the activity, directing the employees, and controlling all over the process by performance appraisal. So, management is basically important for the organisation. 

Happy reading :)


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